I'll try to cover some of the concepts of optics as I understand them. My understanding comes from years of research for astronomy reasons. There are functional differences between astronomy and sports optics but the optical concepts are identical. I'll also try to lay this blog out in some logical manner but there's no guarantee that my logic is the same as yours .
In this case we are talking refractor optics as compared to reflector optics. For those who are unaware
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